《兰花展播》山西杓兰

山西杓兰

时间: 2022/06
图文:豪格尔.帕奈

        Published in Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 21(3): 8. 1983.

        Cypripedium shanxiense has probably its southernmost distribution in Aba Autonomous Prefecture. In Huanglong only a single small population is known in open forest at an altitude of 2900 m. The closest ally in the genus is Cyp. henryi with which it shares a dull flower color. In Cyp. shanxiense, however, it is not greenish yellow but ochre to coppery brown. It usually does not emit a perceptible odor and all populations known to the authors are self-pollinating. Shortly after the flower opens, the pollen is becoming semi-liquid and oozes onto the stigma. Fruit set is usually over 90 %. The plant is 35-55 cm tall and commonly carries two, rarely 3 flowers per stem, which have a diameter of 5-8 cm. It is not uncommon to find on the same stem one flower carrying a normal more or less united synsepal while the other flower, usually the upper one, has fully separated lateral sepals.

        Flowering: June.

        植株高4.0-55厘米,具稍粗壮而匍匐的根状茎。茎直立,被短柔毛和腺毛,基部具数枚鞘,鞘上方具3-4枚叶。叶片椭圆形至卵状披针形,长7-15厘米,宽4-8厘米,先端渐尖,两面脉上和背面基部有时有毛,边缘有缘毛。花序顶生,通常具2花,较少1花或3花;花序柄与花序轴被短柔毛和腺毛;花苞片叶状,长5.5-10厘米,宽1-3厘米,两面脉上被疏柔毛;花梗和子房长2.5-3厘米,密被腺毛和短柔毛;花褐色至紫褐色,具深色脉纹,唇瓣常有深色斑点,退化雄蕊白色而有少数紫褐色斑点;中萼片披针形或卵状披针形,长2.5-3.5厘米,宽约1厘米,先端尾状渐尖,背面常有毛;合萼片与中萼片相似,先端深2裂,裂口深达5-10毫米;花瓣狭披针形或线形,长2.7-3.5厘米,宽4-5毫米,先端渐尖,不扭转或稍扭转;唇瓣深囊状,近球形至椭圆形,长1.6-2厘米,宽约1.3厘米,囊底有毛,外面无毛;退化雄蕊长圆状椭圆形,长7-9毫米,宽3.5-5毫米,基部有明显的短柄。蒴果近梭形或狭椭圆形,长3-4厘米,宽约1厘米,疏被腺毛或变无毛。花期5-7月,果期7-8月。

        产内蒙古南部(阴山州)、河北西部(小五台山、房山)、山西、甘肃南部、青海东部和四川西北部。生于海拔1000-2500米的林下或草坡上。日本北部和俄罗斯的库页岛也有。

        四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州可以说是山西杓兰分布的最南端。在黄龙, 我们仅发现了一个很小的群落, 生长在海拔大约2900米的开阔林地里。杓兰属中绿花杓兰和山西杓兰最为相似, 它们的花颜色都比较单一。不同的是,山西杓兰的花为褐色至紫褐色,而绿花杓兰的花为淡绿黄色。通常山西杓兰的花没有香气。据我们所知,山西杓兰的所有群落都是自动自花传粉。当山西杓兰的花开放时花粉块呈半流体状, 渗出花药并与柱头接触,从而完成自花传粉。山西杓兰的结实率通常在90%以上。植株高35-55厘米,每一花序上通常着生2朵花,着生3朵的比较少见,花的直径为5-8厘米。在同一花序上经常能看到长在下方的一朵花的侧萼片是合生的,而长在上面的一朵花的侧萼片通常是完全离生的。

        花期6月。